جرایم تعزیری در قانون جایگاه خاصی دارد و تعداد زیادی از جرم وجود دارد که مجازات آن ها حبس تعزیری می باشد.
اگر با روندهای دادرسی و دادگاهی آشنا باشید حتما با این نوع جرم هم آشنایی دارید.
ولی از آنجا که بسیاری از ما تا به حال به دادگاه نرفته ایم با این جرایم و نحوه اعمال و اجرای آن آشنا نیستیم.
در این نوشته مشاوره حقوقی این موضوع را با همدیگر بررسی می کنیم
که چه جرایمی تعزیری هستند؟ و حبس تعزیری می گیرند؟
بر اساس ماده ۱۴ قانون مجازات اسلامی مجازات های مقرر در این قانون چهار قسم است:
الف- حد؛
ب- قصاص؛
پ- دیه؛
ت- تعزیر.
تبصره: چنانچه رابطه علیت بین رفتار شخص حقوقی و خسارت وارد شده احراز شود دیه و خسارت، قابل مطالبه خواهد بود.
اعمال مجازات تعزیری بر اشخاص حقوقی مطابق ماده (۲۰) خواهد بود.
اما این جرایم در ماده ۱۸ قانون مجازات اسلامی به صورت زیر تعریف شده است:
تعزیر مجازاتی است که مشمول عنوان حد، قصاص یا دیه نیست
و به موجب قانون در موارد ارتکاب محرمات شرعـی یا نقض مقررات حکومتی تعیین و اعمال می گردد.
نوع، مقدار، کیفیت اجراء و مقررات مربوط به تخفیف، تعلیق، سقوط و سایر احکام تعزیر به موجب قانون تعیین می شود.
دادگاه در صدور حکم تعزیری، با رعایت مقررات قانونی، موارد زیر را مورد توجه قرار می دهد:
الف- انگیزه مرتکب و وضعیت ذهنی و روانی وی حین ارتکاب جرم؛
ب- شیوه ارتکاب جرم، گستره نقض وظیفه و نتایج زیانبار آن؛
پ- اقدامات مرتکب پس از ارتکاب جرم؛
ت- سوابق و وضعیت فردی، خانوادگی و اجتماعی مرتکب و تاثیر تعزیر بر وی.
همانطور که بیان شد، تعریز مجازاتی است که حد، قصاص یا دیه نیست.
پس اول باید مجازات هایی که مطرح شده اند را با بررسی کنیم تا بتوانیم جرایم تعزیراتی را توضیح دهیم:
بر اساس ماده ۱۶ قانون مجازات اسلامی
قصاص مجازات اصلی جنایات عمدی بر نفس، اعضاء و منافع است که به شرح مندرج در کتاب سوم این قانون اعمال می شود.
بر اساس ماده ۱۷ قانون مجازات اسلامی
دیه اعم از مقدر و غیرمقدر، مالی است که در شرع مقدس برای ایراد جنایت غیرعمدی بر نفس، اعضاء و منافع
و یا جنایت عمدی در مواردی که به هر جهتی قصاص ندارد به موجب قانون مقرر می شود.
بر اساس ماده ۱۵ قانون مجازات اسلامی
حد مجازاتی است که موجب، نوع، میزان و کیفیت اجرای آن در شرع مقدس، تعیین شده است.
البته دیه ارش را می توانیم نوعی از حرایم تعزیری بدانیم.
بیشتر بخوانید: فرق دیه و ارش
حال می توانیم تفاوت بین جرایم تعزیری و غیر تعزیری را بیان کنیم:
جرایم غیرتعزیری دارای مجارات مشخصی هستند و مجازات های تعزیری نباید از مقدار مجازات های غیرتعزیری بیشتر باشد.
جرایم غیر تعریضی برای همه یکسان هستند
مثلا مجازات قتل عمد، قصاص است.
اما جرایم تعزیری دارای حداقل و حداکثری هستند و قانونگذار آن را به 8 درجه تقسیم می شوند.
بر اساس ماده ۱۹ قانون مجازات اسلامی،مجازات های تعزیری به هشت درجه تقسیم میشود:
تبصره ۱: موارد محرومیت از حقوق اجتماعی همان است که در مجازات های تبعی ذکر شده است.
تبصره ۲: مجازاتی که حداقل آن منطبق بر یکی از درجات فوق و حداکثر آن منطبق با درجه بالاتر باشد، از درجه بالاتر محسوب می شود.
تبصره ۳: در صورت تعدد مجازات ها، مجازات شدیدتر و در صورت عدم امکان تشخیص مجازات شدیدتر، مجازات حبس ملاک است.
همچنین اگر مجازاتی با هیچ یک از بندهای هشتگانه این ماده مطابقت نداشته باشد مجازات درجه هفت محسوب می شود.
تبصره ۴: مقررات این ماده و تبصره های آن تنها جهت تعیین درجه مجازات است
و تاثیری در میزان حداقل و حداکثر مجازات های مقرر در قوانین جاری ندارد.
تبصره ۵: ضبط اشیاء و اموالی که در ارتکاب جرم به کار رفته یا مقصود از آن به کارگیری در ارتکاب جرم بوده است
از شمول این ماده و بند (ب) ماده(۲۰) خارج و در مورد آن ها برابر ماده(۲۱۵) این قانون عمل خواهد شد..
در هر مورد که حکم به مصادره اموال صادر می شود باید هزینه های متعارف زندگی محکوم و افراد تحت تکفل او مستثنی شود.
وب سایت مشاوره حقوقی ارائه دهنده خدمات :
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